An examination of American twin astronauts, Skoth and Mark Kelly, and dozens of ISS crew members showed that astronauts could face mitochondrial problems.
Astronauts begin to face these problems after a long stay in space, said Aveshin Bekhishti, a doctor at NASA's Center for Scientific Research. He said: "If you are exposed to a state of weightlessness, the mass of your bones and muscles decreases and he or she has impaired immune, heart and liver function. Our observations have shown that these problems may be related to mitochondria, which are unbalanced."
Four years ago, astronauts Scott and Mark Kelly, the identical twin brothers, participated in the Twins Study experiment, in which Scott spent a year in orbit, while his brother Mark lived in similar conditions on Earth.
After receiving blood and other tissue samples from both astronauts before Skoth's journey into orbit and after returning to Earth, scientists tried to figure out how life in Earth's orbit affects human health.
Scientists have come to the conclusion that the length of telomeres, as limbs of chromosomes, has increased in space. Thanks to this, Skoth is biologically younger than his brother. Moreover, the work of 7% of its genes has changed. But after he returned to Earth, the genes returned to normal. The length of the telomeres is short. At present, scientists cannot explain this and explain why this happened.
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